Electronic Components

jine wrote:How do we identify the emitter, collector, and base of a transistor by using a multimeter? Which resistance is greater: base to emmitter or base to collector?

Keep the Multimeter in the Diode mode.
Keep the positive probe to the center pin (Base) of the transistor.
Touch the negative probe to the pin-1 (Emitter). You will see some voltage in the multimeter.
Similarly touch the negative probe to the pin-3 (collector) with respect to the pin-2. You will see some voltage in the multimeter.
It will ensure that it is a NPN transistor. The logic behind this is, in NPN transistor
Emitter (E) - N type material - Equivalent to cathode of the diode
Base (B) - P type material - Equivalent to anode of the diode
Collector(C) - N type material - Equivalent to cathode of the diode
If the multimeter positive probe is connected to anode and negative probe is connected to cathode, then it will show voltage. If the connections are interchanged it will not show any value.

Melyssa120504* wrote:What are the 2 types of transfomer?

Autobots and Decepticons jk

Transformers generally have one of two types of cores: Core Type and Shell Type. These two types are distinguished from each other by the manner in which the primary and secondary coils are place around the steel core. Core type - With this type, the windings surround the laminated core.

denden wrote:what are the  types of resistor???

linear and no linear...linear has a fixed resistor and variable resistor and non linear has thermistor, ldr,etc

denden wrote:who invented the capacitor???

it was ewald georg von kleist

denden wrote:what are the types of capasitor???

ceramic, aluminum and tantalaum electrolytic and super capacitor

denden wrote:2 types of switch
1. Single Pole Single Throw(SPST)- This is for a single circuit and it can either make (ON) or break (OFF) the load
2. Single Pole Double Throw(SPDT)- A switch connects a common terminal to one or the other two terminals

yeah but there is a lot of switches..for example, double pole double throw just like and etc

Melyssa120504* wrote:The insertion of the resistor on a circuit is in parallel or series?

it depends on you.. insert it in parallel if you want that the voltage of the reistor will be the same and series and the voltage will be divide of how many resistor is in series to the load

Melyssa120504* wrote:What are the different between capacitor and battery?

The potential energy in a capacitor is stored in an electric field, where a battery stores its potential energy in a chemical form. ... A capacitor is able to discharge and charge faster than a battery because of this energy storage method also.

Melyssa120504* wrote:What are the 2 types of transfomer?

Transformers generally have one of two types of cores: Core Type and Shell Type. These two types are distinguished from each other by the manner in which the primary and secondary coils are place around the steel core. Core type - With this type, the windings surround the laminated core.

jine wrote:What are the types of switches?

SPST (Single Pole Single throw)
SPDT (single pole double throw)
DPST (double pole, single throw)
DPDT (double pole double throw)

puralan jomark wrote:

jine wrote:What are the types of switches?

SPST (Single Pole Single throw)
SPDT (single pole double throw)
DPST (double pole, single throw)
DPDT (double pole double throw)

what are the function of this switches?

puralan jomark wrote:

denden wrote:what are the types of capasitor???

ceramic, aluminum and tantalaum electrolytic and super capacitor

what are the functions of those?

What are the types of resistors?

Fixed resistor types
Carbon composition: These types were once very common, but are now seldom used. ...
Carbon film: This resistor type is formed by "cracking" a hydrocarbon onto a ceramic former. ...
Metal oxide film: This type of resistor is now one of the most widely used form of resistor along with the metal film type.

Although resistors come in various forms we can divide them up into just two basic types.
'Fixed' resistors.
Variable resistors (or 'potentiometers')

And these are classified into two types: Thermistors. Light-Dependent Resistors.

And last is there are types of fixed resistors

The different types of fixed resistors include:
Wire wound resistor.
Carbon composition resistor.
Carbon film resistor.
Metal film resistor.
Metal oxide film resistor.
Metal glaze resistor.
Foil resistor.

Capacitors are manufactured in many forms, styles, lengths, girths, and from many materials. They all contain at least two electrical conductors separated by an insulating layer.

So what are the types of capacitors?

Electronic capacitors are one of the most widely used forms of electronics components. However there are many different types of capacitor including electrolytic, ceramic, tantalum, plastic, sliver mica, and many more. Each capacitor type has its own advantages and disadvantages can be used in different applications.

The choice of the correct capacitor type is of great importance because it can have a major impact on any circuit. The differences between the different types of capacitor can mean that the circuit may not work correctly if the correct type of capacitor is not used.

There are many different types of capacitor, but they all conform to the same basic physical laws. These determine the basic way the capacitor operates, its value, i.e. the amount of charge it will hold and hence its capacitance.

In order to understand some of the reasons why various forms of capacitor are used, it is necessary to look at the basic theory behind capacitance.

Although all capacitors work in essentially the same way, key differences in the construction of different capacitor types makes an enormous difference in their properties.

The main element of the capacitor that gives rise to the different properties of the different types of capacitor is the dielectric - the material between the two plates. Its dielectric constant will alter the level of capacitance that can be achieved within a certain volume.

Some types of capacitor may be polarised, i.e. they only tolerate voltages across them in one direction. Other capacitor types are non-polarised and can have voltages of either polarity across them.

Typically the different types of capacitor are named after the type of dielectric they contain. This gives a good indication of the general properties they will exhibit and for what circuit functions they can be used.

There are many different types of capacitor that can be used:

Ceramic capacitor: The ceramic capacitor is a type of capacitor that is used in many applications from audio to RF. Values range from a few picofarads to around 0.1 microfarads. Ceramic capacitor types are by far the most commonly used type of capacitor being cheap and reliable and their loss factor is particularly low although this is dependent on the exact dielectric in use. In view of their constructional properties, these capacitors are widely used both in leaded and surface mount formats Read more about the ceramic capacitor
Electrolytic capacitor: Electrolytic capacitors are a type of capacitor that is polarised. They are able to offer high capacitance values - typically above 1μF, and are most widely used for low frequency applications - power supplies, decoupling and audio coupling applications as they have a frequency limit if around 100 kHz. Read more about the electrolytic capacitor
Tantalum capacitor: Like electrolytic capacitor tantalum capacitors are also polarised and offer a very high capacitance level for their volume. However this type of capacitor is very intolerant of being reverse biased, often exploding when placed under stress. This type of capacitor must also not be subject to high ripple currents or voltages above their working voltage. They are available in both leaded and surface mount formats. Read more about the tantalum capacitor
Silver Mica Capacitor: Silver mica capacitors are not as widely used these days, but they still offer very high levels of stability, low loss and accuracy where space is not an issue. They are primarily used for RF applications and and they are limited to maximum values of 1000 pF or so. Read more about the silver mica capacitor
Polystyrene Film Capacitor: Polystyrene capacitors are a relatively cheap form of capacitor but offer a close tolerance capacitor where needed. They are tubular in shape resulting from the fact that the plate / dielectric sandwich is rolled together, but this adds inductance limiting their frequency response to a few hundred kHz. They are generally only available as leaded electronics components.
Polyester Film Capacitor: Polyester film capacitors are used where cost is a consideration as they do not offer a high tolerance. Many polyester film capacitors have a tolerance of 5% or 10%, which is adequate for many applications. They are generally only available as leaded electronics components. Read more about the polyester capacitor
Metallised Polyester Film Capacitor: This type of capacitor is a essentially a form of polyester film capacitor where the polyester films themselves are metallised. The advantage of using this process is that because their electrodes are thin, the overall capacitor can be contained within a relatively small package. The metallised polyester film capacitors are generally only available as leaded electronics components.
Polycarbonate capacitor: The polycarbonate capacitors has been used in applications where reliability and performance are critical. The polycarbonate film is very stable and enables high tolerance capacitors to be made which will hold their capacitance value over time. In addition they have a low dissipation factor, and they remain stable over a wide temperature range, many being specified from -55°C to +125°C. However the manufacture of polycarbonate dielectric has ceased and their production is now very limited. Read more about the polycarbonate capacitor
Polypropylene Capacitor: The polypropylene capacitor is sometimes used when a higher tolerance type of capacitor is necessary than polyester capacitors offer. As the name implies, this capacitor uses a polypropylene film for the dielectric. One of the advantages of the capacitor is that there is very little change of capacitance with time and voltage applied. This type of capacitor is also used for low frequencies, with 100 kHz or so being the upper limit. They are generally only available as leaded electronics components. Read more

The choice of capacitor for a particular application or use is of paramount importance. Even if the correct value is chosen for a particular capacitor application or capacitor use, the selection of the correct type is of equal importance.

In some instances one form of capacitor may work very well, but another capacitor type may cause the circuit to not work at all. It is therefore critical that the capacitor use or capacitor application is matched to the type or form of capacitor used.

difference of capicitor and resistor?

Melyssa120504* wrote:what are the 2 characteristic of capacitor?

These characteristics are crucial in the selection of a capacitor for a certain application. The most important characteristic of a capacitor is its capacitance C . The capaci- tance C describes the property of a capacitor's capability to store electrical energy if a (given) voltage U is applied.

Melyssa120504* wrote:What are the meaning of forward bias and reverse bias?

A Dictionary of Computing. reverse bias The applied d.c. voltage that prevents or greatly reduces current flow in a diode, transistor, etc. For example, a negligible current will flow through a diode when its cathode is made more positive than its anode; the diode is then said to be reverse biased. Compare forward bias